[14] The colony was dissolved in late March 1623, and the surviving colonists either joined the Plymouth Colony or returned to England. Since taking office, Governor Baker and Lt. The governor is also a member of the Massachusetts Governor's Council, a popularly elected council with eight members who provide advice and consent on certain legal matters and appointments. [38] After the Glorious Revolution of 1688 deposed James, Massachusetts political operatives arrested Andros and shipped him back to England. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Acting Governor Gill never received a lieutenant and died on May 20, 1800, between that year's election and the inauguration of Governor-elect Caleb Strong. Under the terms of the royal charter, both the governor and lieutenant governor were appointed by the crown. Acted as governor for the remainder of Eustis's term. The governor is the chief of the executive branch of the government of Massachusetts and is the commander-in-chief of the commonwealth's military forces. In 1692 the Province of Massachusetts Bay was established, merging Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay, which then included the territory of present-day Maine. Most recently, Jane Swift became acting governor upon the resignation of Paul Cellucci. The first governor of Massachusetts was John Hancock. He was effectively powerless beyond Boston,[48][49] and was recalled after the June 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill. This honor has been claimed for three persons,— Matthew Cradock, Roger Conant, and John Endicott.Perhaps none of them were entitled to the distinction. John Winthrop, (born January 22 [January 12, Old Style], 1588, Edwardstone, Suffolk, England—died April 5 [March 26], 1649, Boston, Massachusetts Bay Colony [U.S.]), first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the chief figure among the Puritan founders of New England. [3] The settlers had intended to establish a colony near the mouth of the Hudson River, within the bounds of the London Virginia Company's territory, but weather conditions on their arrival led them to establish it instead on the shores of Cape Cod Bay at Plymouth, Massachusetts. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2004, Reprinted). Did not stand for renomination as Democrat. Shalltruthfailtokeepher%vord, Justicedivinenothastentobejust.' 53–54; Hart, p. 1:607, This page was last edited on 8 March 2021, at 22:56. The Massachusetts Constitution was adopted in 1779, and the … He was reelected in 2010. With the passage of the Intolerable Acts the then Royal Governor Thomas Gage dissolved the General Court and began to govern the province by decree. The Governor of Massachusetts was warned, "Great inconvenience may arise by the liberty of printing." The colonial history of Massachusetts begins with the founding first of the Plymouth Colony in 1620, and then the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1628. The governorship was dominated by a small group of early settlers who sought to ensure that the vision of a Puritan settlement was maintained; Richard Bellingham, John Leverett, and Simon Bradstreet all served extended terms, in addition to Winthrop and Endecott, and Thomas Dudley served 4 1-year terms. [14], Despite this terminology, the Massachusetts courts have found that the full authority of the office of the governor devolves to the lieutenant governor upon vacancy in the office of governor, and that there is no circumstance short of death, resignation, or impeachment that would relieve the acting governor from the full gubernatorial responsibilities. (Joseph Barlow)] on Amazon.com. Mitt Romney was sworn in as the 70th Governor of Massachusetts on January 2, 2003, along with Lieutenant Governor Kerry Healey. The Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies coexisted until 1686, each electing its own governor annually. He was first elected in 2006, succeeding Mitt Romney, who chose not to run for reelection to focus on his 2008 presidential campaign. The colony lasted about one year before being abandoned. The territory that it encompassed included the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Plymouth Colony, the territories of Maine and Nova Scotia (which then included New Brunswick), and the proprietary plantation holdings of Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, and other islands off the southern coast of Cape Cod. Sumner was one of four governors to die in office; seven governors resigned, most of them to assume another office. [5] The colony was incorporated into the Dominion of New England in 1686,[9] but the dominion was dissolved in 1689 and all the New England colonies temporarily reverted to their previous governmental structures. All these men also served in positions of importance when they were not serving as governor. Who Was the First Governor of Massachusetts? [10] This new governmental structure took effect in 1692, with the arrival of the new royal governor Sir William Phips. [23] John Winthrop was elected governor in October, but did not formally take charge of the colony until he arrived in 1630. The Governor's Council served as the executive for ten days; the council's chair, Thomas Dawes was at no point named governor or acting governor. Chronicles of the First Planters of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay From 1623 to 1636. John Endecott was the first Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony to be recognised by Royal charter (1629), the year before that Matthew Cradock was named Governor. An attorney and former naval officer, Kerry first drew public attention as a decorated Vietnam veteran turned anti-war activist. Elected governors are then inaugurated on the first Thursday of the following January after the 1st. While being the chief representative of Massachusetts as a U.S. state, the governor also is in charge of the cabinet, signs bills into law, and has veto power. [26][27] King James II then established the Dominion of New England, an appointed regime which was strongly against the will of the American colonists. [24] Colonial officials (governor, deputy governor, and the council of assistants) were elected annually from then on by the freemen of the colony. He went on to serve as a prosecutor and as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts, before serving as United States Senator from Massachusetts from 1985 to 2013. [15], In 1623, Robert Gorges was commissioned as Governor-General of New England by King Charles I to oversee Plymouth, Wessagusset, and future New England colonies. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. His education was attained at Harvard University, where he graduated in 1762. John Winthrop First Governor of Massachusetts 1588 - 1649 John Winthrop, a Puritan lawyer, was a founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and its first Governor.Winthrop, along with Thomas Dudley, founded the town of Boston. [41] William III and Mary II eventually issued new charters, but in the process they combined the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, and other territories into the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Massachusetts has a republican system of government, akin to a presidential system, where the governor acts as the head of government while having a distinct role from that of the legislative branch. [42], The royal charter for the Province of Massachusetts Bay was issued in 1691. [8] The leadership was dominated by William Bradford, who served more than 30 terms as governor. [10], Plans to establish the dominion had started under King Charles II early in the 1680s. !1 John Endecott, First Governor in the Massachusetts Bay, 1629 © by Gordon S. Harmon- 10th Generation Grandson This is a table of notable government offices held by governors. He, like most other state officers, senators, and representatives, was originally elected annually. Marvin edition, in English The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the head of state and head of government of Massachusetts and is charged with enforcing state laws. Gage was the province's last royal governor. Thomas Talbot served a stint as acting governor, but later was elected governor several years later. There shall be a supreme executive magistrate, who shall be styled, The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; and whose title shall be – His Excellency. The Massachusetts Constitution was adopted in 1779, and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts elected John Hancock as its first governor. After Andros' arrest, each of the colonies reverted to its previous form of governance. Felt, 1853, Press of T.R. The longest-serving governor was Michael Dukakis, who served twelve years in office, although they were not all consecutive. ILA Vcritatissimplexoratioest. The first governor to use the title was Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont, in 1699; since he was an Earl, it was thought proper to call him "Your Excellency." The most recent governor of Massachusetts to have died was Paul Cellucci (served 1997–1999 [acting] and 1999–2001, born 1948), on June 8, 2013. There had been one-page broadsides printed earlier, but Harris's Publick Occurrences looked and read like a newspaper. Acted as governor for the remainder of Washburn's term. He and the remaining colonists abandoned it after word arrived that John Popham and Gilbert's older brother Sir John Gilbert had died. Instead there existed a royally appointed governor who resided in Boston and served at the King's pleasure. On March 3, Massachusetts became the first state to instruct banks to make semi-annual reports to the Governor and Council. Article LV of the Constitution, enacted in 1918, created a new line of succession: The governor has a 10-person cabinet, each of whom oversees a portion of the government under direct administration (as opposed to independent executive agencies). on Amazon.com. At one time, Governor John A. Volpe accepted the donation of the Endicott Estate in Dedham from the heirs of Henry Bradford Endicott. This occurred in 1799 when Governor Increase Sumner died in office on June 7, 1799, leaving Lieutenant Governor Moses Gill as acting governor. [30] In 1691, King William III merged the colonies of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay along with the territory of Maine, the islands south of Cape Cod (including Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, and the Elizabeth Islands), and Nova Scotia (which included New Brunswick) to form the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Massachusetts: 1957 - 1961 : Democratic: Gov. King William III, however, reorganized the territory of the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies into the Province of Massachusetts Bay and appointed Sir William Phips as its royal governor in 1692. [22] In August 1629, the shareholders reorganized the company so that the charter could be removed to the colony, merging corporate and colonial administration. Following the passage of the Stamp Act Governor Thomas Hutchinson had his home broken into and ransacked. All representatives and senators mentioned represented Massachusetts, except otherwise noted. Joseph Dudley, son of Thomas Dudley, was given a commission as "President of the Council of New England" with limited powers as an interim measure before Andros' commission could be finalized. [4] The colonists acquired a land grant from the Plymouth Council for New England in 1621,[5] but its early governance took place under the terms of the Mayflower Compact, a document which the colonists drafted and signed aboard the Mayflower before they landed. Since the governor has no official residence, the expression "corner office," rather than "governor's mansion," is commonly used in the press as a metonym for the office of governor. [20] The company dispatched John Endecott and a small company of settlers to Massachusetts Bay not long after acquiring the grant. [37] Sir Edmund Andros governed the Dominion for most of its brief existence, but he alienated New Englanders by forcing the Church of England into Puritan Boston and vacating land titles issued under the old charter. In 1690 Benjamin Harris inconvenienced the Boston authorities by publishing the colonies' first newspaper. Incoming governors usually choose at least one past governor's portrait to hang in their office. Some colonial land claims extended all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Who Was the First Governor of Massachusetts… Originally they were supposed to reside in London, as was the case with other colonial company governors, although this protocol was broken when John Winthrop was appointed Governor. Crossword Clue The crossword clue First governor of Massachusetts with 7 letters was last seen on the December 19, 2015.We think the likely answer to this clue is HANCOCK.Below are all possible answers to this clue ordered by its rank. The Popham Colony was founded on the coast of Phippsburg, Maine in 1607 as a colonization attempt by the Virginia Company of Plymouth. Between 1775 and the establishment of the Massachusetts State Constitution in 1780 the state was governed by the provincial congress and an executive council. He was a cabinet official under two governors of Massachusetts and served ten years as CEO of Harvard Pilgrim Health Care. The early governors of Massachusetts Bay were staunchly Puritan colonists who wished to form a state that coincided with religious law. Acted as governor for the remainder of Sullivan's term. governor, dies at 65 from ALS", Political party strength in Massachusetts, Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, Office of Housing and Economic Development, Office of Labor and Workforce Development, Governors and executives of U.S. states and territories, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor_of_Massachusetts&oldid=1019759729, Lists of state governors of the United States, Commonwealth constitutional officers of Massachusetts, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Resigned due to claimed illness (recurring. The title was retained until 1742, when an order from King George II forbade its further use. The Dominion of New England combined these and other New England colonies into a single unit in 1686, but collapsed in 1689. [18], In January 1991, outgoing lieutenant governor Evelyn Murphy, the first woman elected to statewide office in Massachusetts, walked down the stairs before Governor Michael Dukakis. [23], Head of state and of government of the U.S. commonwealth of Massachusetts, Commonwealth of Massachusetts: 1780–present, Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States § Massachusetts, List of colonial governors of Massachusetts, Re-elected in 1966 (first four-year term), "Which States Have Term Limits On Governor? The governor however would not be chosen by the electorate, instead the position would remain a royal appointment. Part the Second, Chapter II, Section I, Article I of the Massachusetts Constitution reads. Terms in this set (29) As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. The shortest service period by an elected governor was one year, achieved by several 19th century governors. The first permanent settlement was the Plymouth Colony (1620), and the second major settlement was the Massachusetts Bay Colony at Salem in 1629. Kirke's commission was approved by James, but was then withdrawn after Kirke's controversially harsh actions in putting down Monmouth's Rebellion in 1685. [13], The Constitution does not use the term "acting governor," but the practice in Massachusetts has been that the lieutenant governor retains his or her position and title as "lieutenant governor" and becomes acting governor, not governor. In 1774 General Thomas Gage became the last royally appointed governor of Massachusetts. He won his first election to the Massachusetts […] One of its principal backers was Sir John Popham; his nephew George Popham was the colony's governor for most of its brief existence. Delegate to the Continental Congress, Co-commissioner to France, Vice President of the United States, President of the United States. [5][6][7], Any person seeking to become Governor of Massachusetts must meet the following requirements:[8], The role of Governor has existed in Massachusetts since the Royal Charter of 1628. [3], Beginning with the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1629, the role of Governor has changed throughout its history in terms of powers and selection. This model of government was greatly disliked by the colonists all throughout British North America but especially in New England where colonists at one time did have some semblance of democratic and local control. Acted as governor for the remainder of Weld's term. Commonwealth of … During this period (1686-1689) Massachusetts had no governor of its own. In an effort to bring the colonies under tighter control the Crown dismantled the old assembly system and created the Viceroy system based on the Spanish model in New Spain. [4] In 1630, the colony acquired a formal charter with authority to govern from the Plymouth Council, but it was unsuccessful in attempts to acquire a royal charter that would guarantee its territory against other claimants. [11], With the adoption of the Constitution of Massachusetts in 1780 the role of an elected civilian governor was restored. This refers instead to the governor's office on the third floor of the State House.[21]. [11], The Dominion of New England was established by King James II in order to bring the colonies of New England more firmly under united crown control, and to streamline the costs associated with colonial administration. Summary not available for this title. [39][40] All of the affected colonies reverted to their previous forms of rule, although Massachusetts did so without constitutional authority because its charter had been revoked. Deval Laurdine Patrick (born July 31, 1956) is an American politician, civil rights lawyer, author, and businessman who served as the 71st governor of Massachusetts from 2007 to 2015. Settlements that failed or were merged into other colonies included the failed Popham Colony (1607) on the coast of Maine, and the Wessagusset Colony (1622–23) in Weymouth, Massachusetts, whose remnants were folded into the Plymouth Colony. The Dominion of New England was established in 1686 which covered the territory of those colonies, as well as that of New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. In the table below, acting governors are denoted in the leftmost column by the letter "A", and are not counted as actual governors. In 1955, Governor Foster Furcolo turned down a proposal to establish the Shirley–Eustis House in Roxbury, built by royal Governor William Shirley, as the official residence.[19]. Prior to 1918 constitutional reforms, both the governor's office and that of lieutenant governor were vacant on one occasion, when the state was governed by the Governor's Council. According to the Massachusetts State Constitution: Whenever the chair of the governor shall be vacant, by reason of his death, or absence from the commonwealth, or otherwise, the lieutenant governor, for the time being, shall, during such vacancy, perform all the duties incumbent upon the governor, and shall have and exercise all the powers and authorities, which by this constitution the governor is vested with, when personally present. Paul Andrew Dever: Massachusetts: 1949 - 1953 : Democratic: Gov. He was the first African-American Governor of Massachusetts and the first Democratic Governor … [10] The government did not formally begin operating until royally appointed governor Sir William Phips arrived in 1692. In 1774 the Massachusetts Provincial Congress was formed as an alternative revolutionary government to the royal government in Boston. [19], The Massachusetts Bay Company was established in 1628 and was funded in part by investors in the failed Dorchester Company. The longest period of uninterrupted service by any governor was nine years, by Levi Lincoln Jr. With Massachusetts Bay declaring its independence in May 1776 the role of Governor was vacant for four years. There are no term limits restricting how long a governor may serve. [15], Upon completion of his term, the departing governor takes a "lone walk" down the Grand Staircase, through the House of Flags, into Doric Hall, out the central doors, and down the steps of the Massachusetts State House. After working in the family’s shipping business for a number of years, Gerry switched careers and entered into politics. In 1688, it was further extended to include New York and East and West Jersey. The governor then crosses the street into Boston Common, thereby symbolically rejoining the commonwealth as a private citizen. The executive role during this time was filled by the Governor's Council, the Committee of Safety, and the president of the Congress when in session. [1] George Popham died in the colony in 1608 and was replaced by Raleigh Gilbert. The reason for the creation of such a post was there existed tremendous hostility between the Kingdom of England and the colonists of Massachusetts Bay. [28] It took effect in 1686 and lasted until 1689, when the Glorious Revolution toppled James, and colonists in Massachusetts immediately arrested the Dominion's governor Sir Edmund Andros. The colonial history of Massachusetts begins with the founding first of the Plymouth Colony in 1620, and then the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1628. Charles Duane Baker Jr. (born November 13, 1956) is an American politician and businessman serving as the 72nd governor of Massachusetts since January 8, 2015. [6], The colony held annual elections for its offices. Under the terms of the royal charter, both the governor and lieutenant governor were appointed by the crown. [21] In 1629, the company received a royal charter as a means to guarantee its grant against other claims, and elected Endecott as the first colonial governor, while Cradock continued to govern the company in London. You can easily improve your search by specifying the number of letters in the answer. By Aaron Sargent. Governance of both colonies was dominated by a relatively small group of magistrates, some of whom governed for many years. Davis, p. 163, List of colonial governors of New Hampshire, List of lieutenant governors of Nova Scotia, List of members of the colonial Massachusetts House of Representatives, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_colonial_governors_of_Massachusetts&oldid=1011085076, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The colony had no deputy governors until 1681; the governor named a, Sources unless otherwise cited: Capen, pp. Governor John Hancock and Senate President Samuel Adams signed this charter on February 7. The first use of the succession provision occurred in 1785, five years after the constitution's adoption, when Governor John Hancock resigned the post, leaving Lieutenant Governor Thomas Cushing as acting governor. [2], The Plymouth Colony originated as a land grant issued by the London Virginia Company to a group of English separatist Puritans who had fled to Holland to avoid religious persecution. [11], From 1765 on the unraveling of the Province into a full political crisis only increased the tensions between the governor and the people of Massachusetts Bay. (Classic Reprint) [Felt, Joseph B.] The governor acted in a vice-regal manner, overseeing the governance and functioning of the colony. [17][18] Some of his settlers remained in the area without formal governance, moving to occupy the Shawmut Peninsula (site of Boston, Massachusetts) among other places. He was very popular for his role in the American Revolution and was elected governor with an impressive 90% of the vote. Keeping this in view, who was the second governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony? Acted as governor for the remainder of Cellucci's term. The title "His Excellency" is a throwback to the royally appointed governors of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Though there existed a council which served as a quasi-legislature, however the logistics of calling the council to meet were so arduous that the Dominion was essentially governed by the Crown through the Royal Governor. This council was a group of magistrates who performed judicial functions, acted as an upper house of the General Court, and provided advice and consent to the governor. [20] After Volpe resigned to become secretary of transportation in the Nixon Administration, the plan was aborted by his successor in consideration of budgetary constraints and because the location was considered too far from the seat of power, the State House in Boston. The commonwealth formally adopted the state constitution in 1780, electing John Hancock as its first governor. See Government of Massachusetts for a complete listing. Increase Sumner, elected by a landslide to a third consecutive term in 1799, was on his deathbed and died not long after taking the oath of office; this represents the shortest part of an individual term served by a governor. He was recalled to England after the Battle of Bunker Hill in June 1775, by which time the Massachusetts Provincial Congress exercised de facto control of Massachusetts territory outside British-occupied Boston. [50] By then, the province was already being run de facto by the Massachusetts Provincial Congress, which continued to govern until 1780. Colonial governors of Plymouth and the Massachusetts Bay Colony wer… Winthrop was elected Governor before the colony set out from England in 1629, and would continue to govern for fifteen of the colony's first twenty years. He was effectively powerless beyond Boston, and was recalled after the June 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill. Immediately before being sworn into office, the governor-elect receives four symbols from the departing governor: the ceremonial pewter "Key" for the governor's office door, the Butler Bible, the "Gavel", and a two-volume set of the Massachusetts General Statutes with a personal note from the departing governor to his/her successor added to the back of the text. The charter contained a provision that the governor's council would assume the duties of the governor should both governor and lieutenant governor be absent from the colony. The Dominion was extremely unpopular in the colonies, and it was disbanded when its royally appointed governor Sir Edmund Andros was arrested and sent back to England in the wake of the 1688 Glorious Revolution. In 1681, they began also electing a deputy governor who would serve in the governor's absence. In that year, the company elected Matthew Cradock as its governor and received a grant from the Plymouth Council for New England for land roughly between the Charles and Merrimack Rivers. It was the first of its kind to demand bank examinations. BYJOSEPHb;Mz felt. This created acrimony between the governors and the assembly of the General Court. Acted as governor for the remainder of Greenhalge's term. He/she resides in their own private residence. This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curated for quality. [16] Gorges established a small colony on the site of the recently failed Wessagusset Colony; his effort was abandoned after one year for financial reasons. By then, the province was already being run de facto by the Massachusetts Provincial Congress; following the adoption of a state constitution in 1779, the newly formed Commonwealth of Massachusetts elected John Hancock as its first governor. [52] This occurred three times: Governor-General of New England: 1623–1624, Massachusetts Bay Colony: 1629–1686, 1689–1692, Capen (p. 54) incorrectly lists Dudley as deputy; it was in fact Endecott. Prior to their early-20th century demolitions, the Province House and the Hancock Manor[20] were also proposed as official residences. In the 1630's 15,000 Puritans left England and journeyed to Massachusetts to escape persecution in England John Winthrop was the leader of the Puritans was the first governor of the Massachusetts … Despite several proposals for establishing an official residence for the governor of Massachusetts, including the Endicott Estate which was once acquired for the purpose, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts does not have a governor's mansion. Since 1780, 65 people have been elected governor, six to non-consecutive terms (John Hancock, Caleb Strong, Marcus Morton, John Davis, John Volpe, and Michael Dukakis), and seven lieutenant governors have acted as governor without subsequently being elected governor. Their migration to the New World in 1620 aboard the Mayflower was funded by the Merchant Adventurers, who sent additional settlers to engage in profit-making activities in the colony. The governor-elect is then escorted by the sergeant-at-arms to the House Chamber and sworn in by the senate president before a joint session of the House and Senate. The governor served as the executive of the colony, originally elected annually, they were joined by a Council of Assistants. [9], With the founding of the Dominion of New England, the New England colonies were combined with the Province of New York, Province of West Jersey, and the Province of East Jersey. [36] All of the New England colonies eventually came under its authority, as well as the provinces of New York, East Jersey, and West Jersey. He also faced accusations … The first Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Who was the first governor of Massachusetts? Despite several proposals for establishing an official residence for the governor of Massachusetts, including the Endicott Estate which was once acquired for the purpose, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts does not have a governor's mansion. The modern form of the position was created in the 1780 constitution, which called for the position of a "supreme executive magistrate". First Governor of the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay. John Hancock was elected as the first governor of the independent commonwealth on October 25, 1780.[11]. In order to ease tensions with royal authorities and the colonists the General Court was reestablished and given significant powers.
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