Part of the Kentucky Coffeetree story is its pods. 2/1/2019 Identifying Kentucky’s Trees34 www.ukforestry.org • Tree Finder – by May Theilgarrd Watts • Winter Tree Finder – by May Theilgarrd Watts and Tom Watts • FOR 1: Kentucky Forest Trees: How to Know Them – By Deborah B. Hill and Diana L. Olszowy • Trees and Shrubs of Kentucky – Mary E. Wharton & Roger W. Barbour Scientific Name: Gymnocladus spp., Gymnocladus dioicus. Height: 70-100 Feet N-318 Ag Sciences Center University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40546-0091, Fax (Lexington): 859-257-2859       (Princeton): 270-365-2667Â. This tree has leaves that are bipinnately compound, meaning that they are twice compound on each leaf, each leaflet is 1.5-3 inches long. Flowering annuals that appreciate and thrive in the cool weather of late-April and early-May can bring a gorgeous array of bloom colors, shapes and sizes to your garden for early-season enjoyment! Each leaf can span over 30 inches. SDSU Extension Horticulture Specialist & Master Gardener Program Coordinator. The tree reproduces frequently by root sprouts forming colonies. Kentucky Coffeetree. It is most often found in small patches on limestone outcroppings and bottomland soils, and has scaly, irregular, light-gray bark that curls up slightly at the edges. Kentucky coffee tree Family: Caesalpiniaceae: tree : branch : leaf: fruit: leaf scar: bark : The leaves of Gymnocladus dioicus are alternate and twice compound. Trunks: Short with large branches when growing in the open, long and straight when in woods, diameter 6 to 20 inches; branches coarse; crown open and rounded in open areas, narrow, pyramidal, few-branched in woods; bark of young trees light brown, smooth; bark of medium-aged trees thick, light gray, scales curled; bark of old trees dark gray, thick, shallow fissured, ridges flat. This tree can adapt to alkaline soil, salt and drought. These greenish white flowers develop in pyramidal racemes on short terminal branches shortly after the leaves have already developed. Last year the small grove of trees by the Sensory Garden, here at McCrory Gardens were gorgeous, the best I had ever seen them. Site design : Academic Web Pages. Medicinal use of Kentucky Coffee Tree: The pulverised root bark is used as an effective enema. Kentucky Coffee Tree is a slow to moderate growing deciduous native tree in the bean family. Espresso Kentucky Coffeetree has forest green foliage throughout the season. Gymnocladus dioicus, also known as the Kentucky coffeetree, is a commonly used shade and ornamental species.It is native throughout the northeast and central United States under USDA plant hardiness zones 3-8. The bark is gray and peels in thin, upturned segments producing a … Young trees have a moderate growth rate, putting on about a foot of top growth in a good year. Noteworthy Characteristics Gymnocladus dioica, commonly called Kentucky coffeetree or coffeetree, is a tall deciduous tree with rough, scaly gray-brown bark and large bipinnate compound leaves. The Kentucky coffee tree is native west of the Allegheny Mountains where it grows in widely scattered stands in the drainage of the Ohio, northern Mississippi and rivers to the west of the Big Muddy until the prairies begin. This is a medium sized tree that will fit into many landscapes and provide interest all year with its bark, leaves, flowers, fruit and even great fall color, if weather conditions are right. Gymnocladus dioicus. Kentucky Coffee Trees grow up to about 25 m in height. However, caution must be taken because the seeds and pods are poisonous. Neither the flowers nor the fruit are ornamentally significant. It is native to the Midwest, primarily southern Michigan and Ohio southwest to … With its bold form, contorted branching, unique bark and decorative clusters of large pods rattling in the wind, Kentucky coffeetree is an exceptional winter ornamental. It occurs throughout Kentucky, but is most common in open woods in the Bluegrass. The bark has thin scaly edges curling outward along their edges. All rights reserved. The seeds of the pods were thought to be roasted by settlers and used as a substitute for coffee, hence the name. The tree grows in open woods. Up to 60 cm in diameter. The flowers have a whitish green color but may appear as burgundy colored prior to opening. They contain large dark brown seeds, when mature. brood XIII, 2007 The Kentucky Coffeetree has large pods, about 12-20 cm long, that appear leathery and look powdered. Call 1.605.688.4792
 or email sdsu.extension@sdstate.edu, Receive the latest information from SDSU Extension. A snuff made from the pulverized root bark has been used to cause sneezing in comatose patients. Gymnos is the Greek word for "naked" and klados is Greek for "branch." For graduate student information, contact Dr. Mark Williams at (859) 257-1758, or mark.williams@uky.edu. Cystisine is thought to be neutralized in the roasting process. Kentucky Coffeetree - Gymnocladus dioicusPea Family (Fabaceae), At one time the Kentucky coffeetree was the designated state tree. Hardening plants is an important step that gardeners should not skip. They include selections that are predominantly male and do not produce fruit. Kentucky Coffeetree Bark - Photo by Paul Wray, Iowa State University. For general undergraduate student information, contact Dr. Rick Durham at (859) 257-3249, or rdurham@uky.edu. The ultimate divisions of the leaves are broader than 1 cm with acute tips and there are no thorns. Start With Cool-Season Flowering Annuals, Harden Your Transplants Prior To Planting Your Garden. By: Natalie Hamilton. 22. An Equal Opportunity University. While many people will shy away from a tree that produces fruit, the large pods of this tree are actually quite ornamental while on the tree and are not produced in large numbers that they make a big mess in your yard when they fall. Though Kentucky Coffee Tree is known to contain poisonous alkaloids, they are destroyed by the cooking process and early native Americans used the seed for a variety of culinary and medicinal uses as well as recreational (dice) purposes, and likely had some impact on its present distribution. Questions? Gymnocladus dioicus is the botanical name for the Kentucky coffeetree. Their interesting shape and seed pods are attractive and make for … Take the time to harden your plants properly and reap the benefits of sturdy, well-established plants throughout the gardening season! If the weather conditions are good in that we don’t have a real hard freeze right away, coffeetrees can have a great yellow fall color but in most years, the leaves will fall before they have a chance to color up. I thought I would change things up a bit and talk about a tree for this week, Gymnocladus dioicus, Kentucky Coffeetree. Coffeetrees would be an excellent substitute for green ash and other trees that are so frequently planted. © 2021 South Dakota Board of Regents. The Kentucky coffeetree is easily recognized. It’s uniquely textured bark … It is used in the treatment of coughs due to inflamed mucous membranes and also to help speed up a protracted labour. This is a medium-size tree, rarely large. Click here, then click on your county either on the map or from the list of counties below it. The Kentucky Coffeetree prefers sunny locales in rich woodlands and at the edges of marshes. Later, the female trees produce large pods that are 5” to 10” long and about 1.5” wide. The common name of coffeetree comes from the practice of early settlers roasting them and using them as a (poor) coffee substitute. The large bipinnately compound leaves do not develop any appreciable fall color. Bark of the Kentucky Coffeetree. The reddish inner bark is often visible at the bottom of the "valleys" (fissures) in the bark. The straight species of Kentucky Coffeetree produces seed pods with fruit, which are toxic if consumed raw. Janka Hardness: 1,390 lb f (6,180 N) It often is marked with deep, irregular furrows and plates that curl at their sides. An absolutely beautiful, hardy, moderately fast growing tree which provides filtered shade.. Leaves emerge pinkish, turn dark green in summer and golden yellow in fall. Anxious to Plant Your Garden? Click on the images help you identify an Kentucky coffeetree. Because leaves of this tree are late to emerge and early to fall, the Kentucky coffeetree is without leaves, or naked, much of the year. Tree Size: 65-100 ft (20-30 m) tall, 2-3 ft (.6-1 m) trunk diameter. The dark-gray to dark-brown bark is of medium thickness and has rough projecting ridges. A tea made from the bark is diuretic. In 1955, the Ohio Forestry Association recorded an 80-foot specimen in Lake County, Ohio. It prefers deep, moist soil and full sun. Kentucky coffeetree has the largest leaves of our woodland trees. Learn some tips for giving your lawn a head start this season, including recommendations for aeration, fertilizers, weed control and mowing! The coffee tree has saponins contained in its bark and foliage, which are poisonous to dogs and other pets. Kentucky Coffee Tree (Gymnocladus dioicus) 20. The fruit of Kentucky coffeetree is a typical legume pod,but the flowers are not the typical pea-like form most people associate with legumes. Its thick, dark bark is gray to grayish-brown. The bark is rough and furrowed and the older branches terminate in a flower cluster, forcing new branches to form in a "zig-zag" pattern. This site was last updated on May 5, 2021. This name refers to the large, coarse branches (without smaller twigs) that remain after the rachis and petiole of the bipinnately compound leaves fall. Kentucky coffeetree has reasonably strong wood and will tolerate some ice without losing branches. A tea made from leaves and pulp was used as a laxative. Kentucky coffee tree is a medium tree with stout, blunt branches forming a narrow, rounded crown. Kentucky Coffeetree Bark Published May 5, 2015 at 514 × 689 in Kentucky Coffeetree. The national champion Kentucky coffeetree, 97 feet tall, is in Maryland. The seeds can also be harvested in the fall of the year and planted to start new trees. Kentucky Coffee Tree Bark with 17-year periodic cicada, Magicicada sp. Occasionally seed will germinate on its own to produce a small colony of trees. Last year the small grove of trees by the Sensory Garden, here at McCrory Gardens were gorgeous, the best I had ever seen them. The seeds of Kentucky coffeetree were used by early settlers as a substitute for coffee. If you wish to get field-familiar with Kentucky coffeetree and its unique bark and pods, the City of Coralville is growing two blocks worth as sidewalk trees along First Avenue, just north of I-80, beside Oak Hill Cemetery and the Firefighters Memorial. 21. The Kentucky champion tree is in West Liberty in Morgan County and is 90 feet tall. The Kentucky coffeetree's tolerance to pollution and a wide range of soils makes it a suitable tree for urban environments. Distribution: Eastern North America. It is resistant to air pollution and drought and makes an excellent addition to a rain garden or in a landscape to provide shade. Coarse branches form a broad rounded canopy Inconspicuous yellow flowers in late spring produce dark pods. Kentucky Coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus) is a rare tree species in the woods of Indiana. South Dakota State University adheres to AA/EEO guidelines in offering educational programs and services. But the tree looks great when it is small too and just keeps getting better as it ages. Flowers of the Kentucky coffee tree appear along with the leaves in May or June. It is one of the largest Kentucky coffeetrees in the USA. Although it does not produce coffee beans, early settlers of Kentucky gave this tree its name as the beans it produces resemble those of coffee trees. Average Dried Weight: 42 lbs/ft 3 (675 kg/m 3) Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC):.53, .67. Form. It usually separates 3 to 4½ meters (10–15 feet) from the ground into three or four divisions which spread slightly and form a narrow pyramidal head; or when crowded by other trees, sending up one tall central branchl… Kentucky Coffeetree Information The Kentucky coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus) is a unique deciduous tree, as you won’t find this combination of features on any other plant. Kentucky Coffeetree bark in winter. Then, when the leaves fall it reveals the trees with their coarse twigs and interesting bark to decorate your yard for the winter. The Kentucky coffeetree grows to a height of 60–75' and a spread of 40–50' at maturity. They are present on both male and female trees. The bark of the Kentucky coffee tree is dark brown and deeply furrowed. Send mail to cgcass0@uky.edu with questions about this site. It will grow best in moist, well-drained soils so is a great choice for the eastern areas of South Dakota and southeastern North Dakota but will not do well out in a hot, dry site out west, unless it has supplemental irrigation. Copyright 2021, University of Kentucky, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment. These are preferred as street trees because the large pods can make a mess in early spring when they are shed from the trees in large numbers. The rough dark brown bark adds an interesting dimension to the landscape. They contain the alkaloid cystisine that can be dangerous. 19. There is some evidence to indicate that the Kentucky coffeetree was introduced into Kentucky by Native Americans, who used pulp from its wood to treat insanity. WARNING: Some websites to which these materials provide links for the convenience of users are not managed by the University of Kentucky. Kentucky coffeetrees can be identified by observing their foliage, bark, and other physical characteristics. Kentucky coffeetree Fabaceae Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch symbol: GYDI Leaf: Alternate, bipinnately compound, very large (1 to 3 feet long), with numerous 1 1/2 to 2 inch ovate leaflets, entire margins, green above, slightly paler below. It’s spring, and that means it's time to start thinking about your lawn! They look great as a small group of trees, but if you just want the single trees, just mow off the young seedlings that might appear. The common name comes from the seeds being used by pioneers as a coffee substitute. Introduction: Kentucky coffeetree is a unique tree with large, woody pods and very large leaves made up of smaller leaflets.Its common name refers to the use of the pods by early settlers as a coffee substitute. Flower: Species is dioecious; males and females in long (3 to 4 inch) branched clusters, whitish, appearing in late spring. The coffeetree produces 4-6 inch leathery mahogany seed pods. Grove of Kentucky Coffeetrees with fall color. Kentucky Coffeetree, Gymnocladus dioicus, is a large, native tree that grows up to 75 feet tall and 40-50 feet wide. Because of this, you’ll make a statement if you plant Kentucky coffeetree in landscapes near your home. Can live to be about 75 years old. The species name, dioicus, refers to the tree's dioecious nature. However, it tolerates a wide variety of growing conditions in full sun. The Kentucky Coffee Tree has deeply furrowed bark and stout brances. Then, when the leaves fall it reveals the trees with their coarse twigs and interesting bark to decorate your yard for the winter. Â, There are several cultivars of Kentucky coffeetree that are available in the nursery trade. For questions about home gardening, landscaping or commercial horticulture production, please contact your county extension agent. Its trunk is short and divides into two to four secondary branches that are almost parallel to each other. The bark truly shines in winter. Cattle have died after drinking from pools of water containing fallen seeds and leaves from Kentucky coffeetree. Kentucky Coffee Tree (Gymnocladus dioicus) 18. South Dakota State University, South Dakota counties, and USDA cooperating. Kentucky Coffee Tree is dioecious or polygamo-dioecious; individual trees have either all male flowers, all female flowers, or perfect flowers. Although widely distributed, this tree is a rare forest tree and occurs in scattered populations. The are great for landscaping and urban settings because they are tolerant to salt. Native to the Midwest, this tree bears leathery, reddish-brown seed pods that add winter interest to the Midwestern landscape. Leaves are alternate, compound, 1–3 feet long, 1–2 feet wide, with 5–9 branches; each branch with 7–14 leaflets; leaflets ¾â€“3 inches long, 1–1½ inches wide, broadest at or below the middle, margin lacking teeth, tip abruptly pointed; upperside dark green; underside paler, smooth. Common Name(s): Kentucky Coffeetree, Coffeetree. For undergraduate student information regarding the Sustainable Agriculture program, contact Dr. Krista Jacobsen at (859) 257-3921, or krista.jacobsen@uky.edu. The leaves are large, up to 3 feet in length. The leaves are formed from six to 18 deep-green leaflets, each of which is about two and a half inches long. they can be roasted and brewed into a coffee substitute. The tree develops a rather open crown with rather coarse branches and can live to about 100+ years old. A 10-year-old sapling will stand about 4 meters (13 feet) tall. The university does not review, control or take responsibility for the contents of those sites. Landscape Attributes Trees are either male or female but all produce interesting greenish flower clusters that can be 12” long and have a nice fragrance. The coffee tree (polyscias guilfoylei) is commonly mistaken for the Kentucky coffee tree (gymnocladus dioicus), which are both toxic to dogs, but the polyscias is more of a shrub than a tree, although it can grow up to 25 feet tall. The tree grows at a medium rate with height increases of anywhere from 12" to 24" per year. Male selections include ‘Espresso.'. It has very strong bark which can withstand damage by animals, including deer. The natural range of Kentucky coffee tree is the entire state of Iowa, although it is rarely found outside the drainage systems of many of our major rivers. However, ‘Espresso’ male selection and will not produce any seed pods. The seed coat is very hard though so you will need to scarify the seed by rubbing the seed with sand paper to make an opening for the seed to take on moisture and germinate. ← Kentucky Coffeetree. The tree varies from 18 to 21 meters (60–70 feet) high with a spread of 12–15 meters (40–50 feet) and a trunk up to one meter (3 feet) in diameter. VERY WATER THRIFTY and relatively pest free. Kentucky coffeetrees have no serious pest problems but can suffer some winter twig dieback when young.
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