The grading system is based, therefore, on the measurable percentage of clear wood that is defect-free for each of the grades. Contains the largest amount of waste areas and courser defects. This is the highest grade of lumber, used for its strength and durability. Thomas Register® and 1 Common, No. Website Last Modified May 16, 2021. This lumber will need more manufacturing to achieve clear cuttings. A discussion on kiln dried vs air dried lumber might be appropriate here too. See Table 2 or SPIB Grading Rules for design values. #1 Grade Lumber. * No. Knots in this grade of wood are not restricted regarding quality. These trees contain vessels that serve as a transport mechanism for water, and exhibit pores on their surface which results in more intricate and interesting looking grains patterns in these woods, depending on the pore size. For softwoods, it is even more hazy as what would be called rustic. In fact, for common grades of dimension lumber (2”-4” thick, 2”-12”+ wide), there is a National Grading Rule which applies to all species of structural lumber. This grade is often selected for use by the hardwood flooring industry, and also finds application for the manufacturing of furniture components that are small. There are specific terms and definitions that are used in the grading of lumber, a few of which are summarized here for convenience: Board foot – defined as the product of the width of the board by the thickness (both in inches) multiplied by the length of the board in feet. Gross tally – also called green tally, this value represents the number of board feet of kiln-dried lumber when measured prior to the drying process. Applications include larger lumber serving as floor and ceiling joists, rafters, headers, and trusses, for example. This measure is the estimated surface area in square inches. The differences between Select Structural, No. Lampert Lumber has been deemed an essential business and we will continue to serve the community. The majority use case for softwood lumber is for what is characterized as construction lumber, which may be further subdivided into stress-graded, nonstress-graded, and appearance lumber. With appearance lumber, there is additional emphasis on the physical look of the lumber given that it may be exposed once installed, e.g. Stay up to date on industry news and trends, product announcements and the latest innovations. Highest quality of common lumber. 1 Common (often called Common or just No. Contains small knots that give an overall knotty appearance as with knotty pine boards. 2A Common (also known as No. Click below or visit any of our locations to learn more. This property lends to their use in furniture making, cabinetry, flooring, and other construction applications where longevity of service is of primary importance. The grade of a given piece of dimension lumber is based on the visual observations of certain natural characteristics of the wood. Knot: A knot is a naturally-occurring defect in a piece of wood. These are most suitable for applications such as furniture, long clear moldings, and other product use where there is a necessity for ling wide cuttings that are as clear as possible. c - C & Better Clear - This grade is for the most part blemish-free. Copyright 2018 Lampert Lumber | 1850 Como Ave. St. Paul, MN 55108, Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | Terms And Conditions Of Sales | Don’t Sell My Info, Flooring: It’s What’s Underneath That Counts, Lumber Yard or Big-Box Store: Where to Buy Your Lumber. Lumber Grades; Grades of Dimensional Lumber & Decking Different projects require different types of pressure-treated lumber. Grades are listed from highest to lowest. However, those terms are not a strict indicator of the relative hardness of the wood itself. This grade applies for lumber in vertical use as in a load bearing wall application. Priced to move. All Rights Reserved. The grade indicates the purpose for which the lumber is considered acceptable or the percentage of non-defective or clear wood available from a board of specific dimensions. Split: A split is a crack in a piece of wood that goes all the way through the board. For light framing grades, the top two grades are combined and called Standard and Better grade lumber. Yields 66-2/3 percent clear face cuttings with minimum sizes of 4" x 2', or 3" x 3'. Lumber of this grade contains few defects, but knots are allowed of any quality as long as they are well spaced and do not exceed the size regulations. Construction grade lumber is used for light framing. sawn lumber and the amount of figure as specified for figured woods and some quartered woods, shall be considered. The highest grade of appearance lumber is designated as finish, followed by selects and common. The term dimensional lumber came into popular use around the beginning of the 20th century to distinguish lumber cut to pre-determined sizes from other types of wood, such as corded wood for fireplaces.During this period, the building industry sought to control costs and minimize waste by developing standard sizes and grades for building timber. Hardwoods are the deciduous trees that lose their leaves in the fall. You’ll find the least number of defects in this grade of lumber. Copyright© 2021 Thomas Publishing Company. These grades are determined by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the American Lumber Standards Committee. Find and evaluate OEMs, Custom Manufacturers, Service Companies and Distributors. 2 grade lumber relate to appearance and strength characteristics. Just like the Select Structural grade, knots are only permitted if they are tight and well spaced. If your company can help provide supplies, capabilities, or materials for products such as N-95 Masks and Tyvek Suits — Please let us know. Net tally – the same measurement as gross tally, except that the measurement is performed after the drying operation is performed on the lumber. 2 - #2 Common - Intended for use in housing for paneling, shelving, siding, soffits and fascia. Paints well. It is virtually the same grade as F1F except for the minimum board size required, typically too short and narrow to be F1F for FAS. For nonstress lumber pieces (a common example being the “2-by”) which is less than 2” thick and greater than nominal 2” in width, the grades are shown in Table 2 below: Contains moderate number of tight knots. By its nature, wood is not of uniform consistency and therefore will contain defects that impact the appearance of the lumber that is created from the wood material, and which may impact the structural characteristics as well. 3 - #3 Common - Used for shelving, paneling, fences, and siding. So, the highest grades provide the largest or longest clear pieces for use, while the lower or common grades require additional cuts to obtain clear pieces, which thereby will tend to be shorter or smaller. Thomasnet Is A Registered Trademark Of Thomas Publishing 1 Common A typical thrift or "shop" grade. The lumber grader is an integral part of the lumber manufacturing process. Surface measure – defined as a measure of the surface area of the board. Knots must be sound, firm, encased, and tight. ico-arrow-default-right. No. Sheathing, subflooring, crate construction. Grading of hardwoods is significantly less complicated than that of softwoods. View Open Orders, Invoices, and Statements and Make Online Check Payments 24/7. Softwoods that are stress-graded are used as beams, posts, studs, rafters, and joists, for example, where the material is functioning in a load-bearing capacity and working stresses will be applied. This article presented a summary of the different grading systems for softwoods and hardwoods. Lumber grading is a system for evaluating the appearance or strength of a piece of wood. 2 lumber is the most common grade for framing. Knots must be sound, firm, encased, and tight. 1) is the standard furniture grade lumber, and provides a good selection of long, medium length, and short cuttings at a reasonable price. #1 & #2 common: These two grades will have a fair amount of allowable defects and color variations. No. In practice, some of the above grades are rarely used in the commercial trade and others are typically combined. There is some variation in these terms and grades depending on the agency responsible. Have tight knots but larger in size than the No. The American Lumber Standard Committee (http://www.alsc.org) serves as the body that developed and maintains the American Softwood Lumber Standard PS 20 under auspices of the U.S. Department of Commerce. Construction grade lumber is used for light framing. Note that the grade difference between the upper and common grades reflects the yield (measured as the usable % of the material that is clear and defect-free). Grade Characteristics and Typical Uses. Construction Grade Lumber. Don’t have a login? Shakes can occur on the face of a board or below the surface. Will not paint well. Clear-Cut Cutting all trees in an area to a minimum diameter, such as 4 inches. In addition to the basic lumber definitions, there are two kinds of wood from which to choose: hardwood and softwood. A. Small knots, but one side may be completely clear of defects. Lumber defects can give a unique character to a piece of wood, but for structural integrity, the defects should be kept to a minimum. 2 Common. Appearance lumber is judged mainly by the overall visual quality, whereas stress-graded or nonstress-graded lumber is more concerned with the structural integrity of the wood. The clarity of the common piece will be the same as that of the upper grade, but the size will be smaller for the common compared with the FAS and Select grades. Can Your Company Help Provide Critical Supplies? Douglas Fir, Ponderosa Pine, White Fir and Western Red Cedar are the most common single species sold as dimension lumber products. There are limits on most of the defects, with the exception of some occurring only on the surface. Wane: A wane is when there is missing wood or an untrimmed edge along the side or corner of a board. Sheathing, subflooring, creation of forms for concrete work. Click here to request one. Construction Grade Lumber. Here's a chart to help explain the grading system. Construction grade lumber is used for light framing. Crook: A crook is a warp that happens along the edge of a board. 1 Common. Cup: A cup is when the face of a board is hollow. The higher grades will have a larger percentage of usable material yield, which declines steadily for the lower grades of hardwood. Given the emphasis with hardwoods on the overall appearance of the product, it should not be surprising that appearance becomes the primary factor used to establish the grade of the lumber. Most softwood lumber is assigned either an appearance grade or a structural grade based on a visual review performed by a lumber grader. In the U.S., lumber is assigned a grade which establishes a measure of consistency in the final products produced by mills. https://www.wwpa.org/western-lumber/structural-lumber/dimensional-lumber, https://www.esf.edu/wus/documents/IllustratedGradingGuide.pdf, http://www.woodbin.com/ref/softwood-grades/, https://www.easybiologyclass.com/difference-between-hardwood-and-softwood/, Top Lumber Companies and Suppliers in the USA. Shake: A shake is when the grain between the wood’s growth rings separates. There are varying levels of quality within this grade regarding appearance. 2 lumber is the most common grade for framing. Knots are allowed of any quality, as long as they are well spaced. Common applications for this grade include lumber serving as floor and ceiling joists, rafters, headers, and trusses. Grading is done after the drying and surfacing operations are completed and is accomplished based on both the size and number of defects appearing on the better side of the piece. Company. The terms have almost nothing to do with the actual hardness of the wood. Contains numerous splits, knotholes and similar defects, which large areas of waste wood. The common grades, Number 1 Common and Number 2 Common, are suitable for kitchen cabinetwork, furniture parts, and plank and strip flooring. 1 Common lumber will have a few small, tight knots. Grading designation depends on the number of defects in a board. Common Yard Lumber. #1 COMMON—The #1 Common grade will provide the hardwood lumber … Minimum 3" wide by 4' long. Hence: 4/4”=1” and so on up to 16/4”=4”. These pieces are referred to as structural lumber. The upper grades provide the user with long clear pieces, while the Common grades are designed to be re-sawn into shorter clear pieces. 1 Common is the standard furniture grade lumber and provides a good selection of long, medium and short cuttings at a reasonable price. Not a complete drying process! 2B Common, Sound Wormy, No. Lumber is a wood product, sawn and shaped from timbers of harvested trees. UPS maximum length is 8' We reserve the right to cut any lumber over 8' for shipping purposes only. Retail lumberyards typically sell nonstress-graded and appearance lumber, which is collectively referred to as “yard lumber”. No. A summary of the grade designations appears in Table 5 below: Minimum Yield or Usable Material on One Face. Shrinkage from the drying operation will reduce this value by approximately 7%. There is no firm definition; each person has a different idea. Two-by-threes, fours, sixes, eights, tens, and 12s are standard (actual widths: three and a half, five and a half, seven and a quarter, nine and a quarter, and eleven and a quarter in­ches). Hardwood trees are slower growing than softwoods, which contributes to their higher density, making these woods stronger and more durable. Dimensional Lumber and Modern Building . used to make softwood furniture. Lumber mills ink-stamp each board with a lumber grade. As a kid we always had wide, long FAS&SEL boards, and kind of became wood snoobs. It is used only for light framing projects.
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